Personal Inflation

When trying to figure out whether or not I can FIRE I’ve needed to understand just how much I spend (along with a few other numbers).  To calculate this properly I started a few years ago to track every penny that I spent.  With this data I can then also make pre to post-FIRE estimates more accurately.  For example, in my case I know I can net off work related costs and rent but I know I have to add on home maintenance costs.  This is what my spending has looked like over the past few years:

Click to enlarge, RIT monthly spending

In 2015 I spent £24,413 and in 2016 I spent £27,001.  If I did nothing 2017 could be around £26,000 but FIRE is coming (could come?) this year so my spending profile will (could?) transition from pre to post-FIRE so that’s not bankable.

The other advantage of tracking spending like this is that you start to understand what your personal inflation is actually looking like which allows you to take action if it’s starting to get out of hand.  It’s no good going into FIRE with a planned spending of £20,000 per annum, which you then plan to increase with published inflation, only to find you’re actually spending £25,000, which is then increasing at a rate greater than inflation.  That’s a road to potentially running out of wealth before you run out of life.

Does Gold Protect UK Investors from Inflation

This post is a response to the brief exchange with Faustus on the last Gold Price in British Pounds post.  Today I’d like to attempt to answer the first question which is “whether gold is really as good a hedge against sterling inflation as is sometimes suggested.”

Let’s firstly review why in my opinion it is important not to forget about the damage that inflation can do to your savings.  The Bank of England has a remit “to deliver price stability – low inflation – and, subject to that, to support the Government’s economic objectives including those for growth and employment. Price stability is defined by the Government’s inflation target of 2%.”  If January 2013 sees the Consumer Price Index (CPI) remain above 2%, and at 2.7% today I see no reason why this won’t be the case, then this will be the thirty eighth month in a row that they have missed their target.  This demonstrates that the Bank of England’s remit actually has nothing to do with the official line presented.  If it did they would have been made sacked for poor performance long ago.  I therefore take inflation seriously.

If you believe that the CPI provides an accurate measure of inflation, and had the Bank of England met their remit of inflation at 2%, then £1 three years ago would have had the purchasing power of £0.94 today.  Instead the current policy employed by the Bank of England, of keeping the patient flat lined at 0.5% combined with plenty of QE, means that your £1 actually only buys £0.90 worth of goods and services today.  That’s a 10% loss of purchasing power in only 3 short years.

I’ve already laid out some techniques I’m using to protect myself from inflation however let’s now look if gold could be added to that list for UK Investors.

A deeper look at UK Inflation - November 2012

Last week we had the Office for National Statistics (ONS) announce that annual inflation to October, according to the Retail Prices Index (RPI), increased at the rate of 3.2% and that the Consumer Price Index (CPI) increased at the rate of 2.7%  The main contributor to the CPI increase was apparently University tuition fees, food and non-alcoholic beverages.  The main contributor to the RPI increase was the same as the CPI plus the addition of housing.  The Bank of England continues with their stance (at least their public stance) that inflation will fall back to its 2% target.  They’ve now been wrong on that since December 2009, a period where in my own line of work I would have long been sacked for being so wrong.  A long run view of the UK RPI can be seen in my first chart today.

Click to enlarge

In the period January 2000 to the present day inflation has increased by 47.4%!  This means:

• if your earnings haven’t increased by this amount and your spending is in line with the RPI you have effectively taken a pay cut over that period;
• if you’re saving for retirement then unless your savings have increased by at least this amount you are now further from retirement than you were; and
• if you’re retired and your pension is in income drawdown then to just maintain your purchasing power your portfolio had to increase by at least this amount just to stand still.

Protecting Your Portfolio from Inflation – Index Linked Gilts (Linkers)

As a person who is not in debt and is saving hard for Retirement I am very conscious of the need to protect the purchasing power of my Retirement Investing Today Portfolio from the ravages of inflation.  Once I’ve done this I then need to work out how to get a real (after inflation) return.

If I am a debtor then inflation can help me as the real value of my debt becomes less as every day passes, however the opposite is true if you own assets.  Additionally, in a relatively low inflation environment, like we find ourselves today, it can be easy to ignore it.  In my opinion we just can’t afford to.  Even a small amount of annual inflation will wreak havoc on a non inflation protected portfolio over a relatively short period of time.

UK Inflation - May 2012

Today’s post looks at UK Inflation and specifically the Retail Prices Index (RPI) and the Consumer Prices Index (CPI).  It is not the most exciting post that I write, however it is an important piece of data for us to look at as it is needed to run a lot of the analysis that you see on Retirement Investing Today.  At this point in time the RPI is changing year on year at the rate of 3.1% with the index itself shown in my first chart.  This chart clearly shows the index still trending away from the long run trendline.

My second chart shows the annualised change in the RPI on a quarterly, six monthly and annual basis.  On an annualised quarterly basis we are seeing inflation still high at 4.2%. 

“...it is likely that had they not occurred, inflation would have been substantially lower...” – UK Inflation - May 2011 Update

So we now have the UK CPI at 4.5% and the RPI at 5.2%.  I haven’t blogged about the UK Inflation situation since my post back in August of 2010.  Why?  Well as I wrote back then I had accepted that the Bank of England was going to steal from me and all the other savers out there by inflating away the value of my savings.  Also, while ever Mervyn and his mates (I think I’ll just call them the M&M’s from here in) keep interest rates at record lows of 0.5% this is going to continue so I really have nothing more I can add.  All I could do was protect myself as best as possible by ensuring I had my target allocation of 5% in gold and also that I held onto my NS&I Index Linked Savings Certificates (reinvesting as they came up for renewal) while I waited out the current theft that is occurring.

It was all so predictable - Bank of England Rate held at 0.5% - August 2010 Update

Today’s decision by the Bank of England to hold the Official Bank Rate at 0.5% for the 17th month in a row was so predictable that I nearly didn’t bother posting today. As I’ve been saying for a while I think they are going to try and inflate some debts away but I’m starting to become concerned by this strategy for a number of reasons.

It will always be inflation – UK Inflation – May 2010 Update

I am still reading on blogs and in news articles many discussions on whether going forward we will see inflation or deflation. I might as well wade into the debate and suggest that over the long term (remember I’m a long term investor not a short term trader) I believe that we will see inflation. We could even see hyper inflation. What makes me say this? Well, my first chart showing the UK RPI for starters. It has never failed to reach a new high meaning inflation. Sure we’ve seen some deflation over the short term however I believe that policy makers and governments will just not tolerate deflation as it makes debts larger and savings worth more. Given the debts of governments and individuals this cannot be tolerated. Inflation is the easy way out. I believe that as soon as deflation next appears we’ll see yet more quantitative easing or other drastic measures to try and secure inflation. If they can’t engineer the inflation quickly through moderate means they will continue taking more risks shamelessly until the risk of currency destruction through hyper inflation is upon us. That sound pretty extreme but it is what I feel today.

The Non Event - Bank of England holds the UK Bank Rate at 0.5% - July 2010 Update

Today’s announcement that the Bank of England had held interest rates at 0.5% for the 16th month in a row plus decided to do no more quantitative easing (QE) was so predictable and such a non event that I nearly didn’t bother posting. I did however discover some interesting data from the Office of National Statistics (ONS), which I’ll cover in a minute, which made a post worthwhile. Firstly let me get the data out of the way.

Are the cracks starting to show in the Bank of England’s unspoken strategy

I’ve been suggesting for many months now and most recently here that the Bank of England want inflation which they think they can control. This is so they can allow the large UK government debt and the debts of the reckless general public to be inflated away (effectively a free bailout). Of course somebody has to pay for this and that will be the prudent savers amongst us. Additionally, keeping the Official Bank Rate at historic lows of 0.5% for so long, while allowing the inflation to occur, also helps the banks recapitalise themselves as they proceed to lend money out at rates far above this. Of course savers are again punished as the banks pay below inflation interest rates to the savers. So far (of course in my untrained opinion only) it’s all going to plan for the Bank of England except I saw a couple of cracks beginning to open this week.

US Consumer Price Index (CPI) Inflation – April 2010 Update

The above chart shows the US Consumer Price Index (CPI-U) to April 2010 courtesy of the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year on year the US CPI inflation index has risen from 213.24 to 218.009 which equates to 2.2% today (down from 2.3% last month). Annualising the last 6 months has inflation at 1.7% and annualising the last 3 months has inflation running at 2.4%.

UK Inflation – May 2010 Update

The Office for National Statistics has reported the April 2010 UK Consumer Price Index (CPI) as 3.7% up from 3.4% and the UK Retail Price Index (RPI) as 5.3% which is up from 4.4% last month. Regular readers of Retirement Investing Today will I’m sure not be surprised by this at all as the Bank of England have clearly positioned themselves to let inflation run.

US Consumer Price Index (CPI) Inflation – April 2010 Update

The above chart shows the US Consumer Price Index (CPI-U) to March 2010 courtesy of the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year on year US CPI inflation has risen from 2.1% in February 2010 to 2.3% today. Annualising the last 6 months has inflation at 1.5% and annualising the last 3 months has inflation running at 3.1%. Have the US government succeeded in kick starting some good ‘healthy’ inflation? Many developed countries around the world are in my opinion craving this to help them erode both their debts and those of their reckless population who gorged themselves on easy credit.

The Bank of England shows their hand – UK Bank Rate held at 0.5%

The Bank of England this week held interest rates at 0.5% for the fourteenth month in a row. I’ve been speculating over the past few months at what the Bank of England are up to but I’m now convinced I know the strategy of the Bank of England and unfortunately it’s not their officially published Monetary Policy Framework of keeping to the Government’s inflation target of 2%. It’s clear that’s not the strategy when the Retail Prices Index (RPI) is running at 3.7% (annualised 3 month RPI is 4.8%) and the government set Consumer Price Index (CPI) is running at 3.0%.

UK Inflation – March 2010 Update

The Office for National Statistics has reported the February 2010 UK Consumer Price Index (CPI) as 3.0% down from 3.5% and the UK Retail Price Index (RPI) as 3.7% which is identical to last month.

My first chart is tracking the CHAW Index which is the RPI including All Items. I focus on the RPI as my National Savings and Investments Index Linked Savings Certificates use the RPI to index from. The current level of the Index remains above the trend line and now appears to be diverging further from trend.

US Consumer Price Index (CPI) Inflation – March 2010 Update

The above chart shows the US Consumer Price Index (CPI-U) to February 2010 courtesy of the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year on year US CPI inflation has fallen from 2.6% in January ’10 to 2.1% in February ‘10. Annualising the last 3 months and inflation is running at 0.8% and annualising the last 6 months has inflation at 0.8% also. It looks like the US continues to have their deflation ‘problems’ under control for now.

UK Bank Rate held at 0.5% while McDonald’s is deemed safer than UK government debt

Today’s chart must be the most boring I have ever posted. This is because the Bank of England held interest rates at 0.5% for the thirteenth month in a row. I can’t say that I’m surprised by this decision but I still think it irresponsible when you have a Monetary Policy Framework that you are supposed to operate within which includes the Government’s inflation target of 2%. Meanwhile back in the real world the Retail Prices Index (RPI) is running at 3.7% and the Consumer Price Index (CPI) is running at 2.8%. The Bank of England are making excuses like inflation in the short term is high due to the reinstatement of increased VAT and falls in the pound. I won’t go on about this as I’ve talked about all this before except I will say when these factors were moving in the other direction the Bank of England were quick to lower rates.

Winners and losers of recent government and Bank of England decisions – workers and homeowners

Picking up on Monday’s theme I’d like to have a look at two further winners or losers of the current governments and Bank of England’s decisions. This time is workers and homeowners. One is a winner and the other is a loser. Can you guess who is who? My chart today reveals all.
Firstly let me just benchmark inflation. The retail prices index – RPI, which is represented by the olive line, is current year on year running at 3.7% and since 1991 the arithmetic average of the monthly year on year percentages has been 3.5%. Of interest also is that the inflation trendline is heading in a downwards direction.

Winners and losers of recent government and Bank of England decisions – Two B’s

On Thursday of this week the Bank of England makes another Bank Rate decision which I fear will be a repeat of the last year which is a hold at 0.5%. Additionally, we are now getting close to an election so I thought it a good time to stop, take a step back and just look at who the winners and losers are of the current government and Bank of England decisions in the lead up to Thursday.

US Inflation – February 2010 Update

The above chart shows the Consumer Price Index (CPI-U) to January 2010 courtesy of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year on year inflation has fallen from 2.7% in December ’09 to 2.6% in January ‘10. Annualising the last 3 months and inflation is running at 0.0% and annualising the last 6 months has inflation at 1.2%. It looks like the US has their deflation ‘problems’ under control for now.

I have taken the liberty of dividing the chart into two sections. The first red section runs from 1871 to 1932 and the second blue section runs from 1933 to present day. I chose this break point as during 1933 the US officially ended their link to the gold standard. I think this chart demonstrates a point that government will always choose to inflate debt away at the expense of savers if given the chance. They could not do this under the gold standard.

To demonstrate this arithmetic mean inflation rates have been:
1871 to 1932 CPI = 0.5% with deflation being a regular occurrence.
1933 to Present CPI = 3.7%
The CAGR CPI from 1871 to present has been 2.1%.